{"id":1047,"date":"2020-10-10T13:23:05","date_gmt":"2020-10-10T13:23:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.labor.com.pl\/?p=1047"},"modified":"2021-06-23T09:12:21","modified_gmt":"2021-06-23T09:12:21","slug":"kilka-slow-o-odpornosci","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.labor.com.pl\/en\/kilka-slow-o-odpornosci\/","title":{"rendered":"A few words about immunity"},"content":{"rendered":"

Summary<\/em><\/p>\n

Immunity is a state of the organism in which it is resistant to various unfavorable factors, such as food<\/em>
\ndeficiency and toxins. We divide it into specific and non-specific immunity, depending on the<\/em>
\nspecificity of its action. It can be weakened by various factors, including by sleep deprivation and<\/em>
\nsmoking. Examples of immune-boosting elements include an appropriate diet and physical activity<\/em>
\nadapted to the body’s capabilities. Preparations containing the extract of echinacea and vitamin C of<\/em>
\nnatural origin also have a positive effect on its support.<\/em><\/p>\n

Echinacea (Echinacea purpurea) extract is a commonly known and used agent that strengthens the
\nbody’s immunity. Echinacea monograph, published by the EMA, as an indication for the
\nadministration of echinacea extract, mentions its use in prevention and treatment. Recommended
\npreparations containing purple coneflower extract, vitamin C from natural sources and zinc are, for
\nexample, Echimunn C, containing vitamin C from rosehip extract (Rosa canina) and purple coneflower
\nherb extract (Echinacea purpurea), containing 4% polyphenols and also zinc.<\/p>\n

A similar product is Echimunn tablets, which includes the extract of Echinacea purpurea herb,
\ncontaining 4% polyphenols, which corresponds to 1000 mg of dried herb.<\/p>\n

What is immunity?
\nImmunity – the state of the organism’s resistance to adverse external factors, such as lack of water,
\nlack of food, the presence of toxins, parasites, pathogenic microorganisms. In biology, immunity is
\nunderstood as maintaining the equilibrium state of multicellular organisms between the efficient
\nmechanisms of biological defense against infection and disease states and the maintenance of the
\nstate of tolerance, which prevents allergies and autoimmune diseases. A special type of immunity is
\nimmunological immunity [1].<\/p>\n

How does the human immune system work?
\nOrganism is protected against infections, as well as the adverse effects of harmful substances from
\nthe environment, by two protective systems:<\/p>\n

1) Non-specific immunity
\nIt is a system of barriers that prevent harmful factors from entering into the body. Non-specific
\nimmunity is based on physical, chemical and cellular barriers.<\/p>\n

? Physical barriers that create mechanical protection are the main obstacles that pathogens
\nencounter when trying to enter our body. The body is protected against the penetration of
\nenvironmental factors by the skin and mucous membranes of the respiratory and urinary tract and
\nthe digestive tract. The body also gets rid of pathogens through protective reflexes, such as sneezing,
\ncoughing or vomiting.
\n? Chemical barriers include secretions such as sweat and tallow, hydrochloric acid in the stomach, and
\nsubstances in tears and saliva that kill bacteria and viruses.
\n? The cell barrier is the defence cells – leukocytes and macrophages. They are activated when
\npathogens manage to overcome physical and chemical barriers and penetrate the body’s tissues.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

2) Specific immunity<\/p>\n

? When pathogens enter the body’s tissues and begin to spread there, the immune system,
\nresponsible for the generation of specific immunity, intervenes. It recognizes and then neutralizes
\nspecific microorganisms. There is an increase in the activity of leukocytes, macrophages and T and B
\nlymphocytes (white blood cells).
\n? Viruses and bacteria have, on their surface, antigens which are specific types of proteins.
\nLymphocytes B present in the blood produce appropriate antibodies that match the shape of a
\nspecific antigen. This mechanism is called the induced fit model. From the moment of contact with a
\nforeign antigen, the number of antibodies in the bloodstream increases rapidly.
\n? Viruses and bacteria have antigens, which are specific types of proteins, on their surface. B
\nlymphocytes present in the blood produce appropriate antibodies that match the shape of a specific
\nantigen. This mechanism is called the induced fit model. From the moment of contact with a foreign
\nantigen, the number of antibodies in the bloodstream increases rapidly. The antibodies surround the
\nidentified pathogen. It is a signal for macrophages, cells of the immune system capable of devouring
\nforeign bodies, to destroy such indicated objects. The specificity of antibodies means that a certain
\ntype of antibodies is capable of being destroyed only for the antigen to which they are matched. After
\nfighting foreign bodies, a certain number of lymphocytes remain in the bloodstream – memory cells
\nthat, in the event of another infection, are able to multiply rapidly, produce specific antibodies and
\nstart the fight against recognized, already known pathogens, preventing the development of another
\ninfection. T lymphocytes also destroy damaged cells of the body’s own, e.g. defective cells or infected
\nwith viruses.<\/p>\n

What does weaken our immunity?
\nThere are many factors that can weaken our immunity. The most important of them include:<\/p>\n

? Cigarette smoking – there are over 4,000 toxic substances in tobacco smoke, often also carcinogenic.
\n? Abuse of alcohol, which penetrates quickly into the blood and lymphatic system, kills in them
\nimmune cells,
\n? Inadequate nutrition – a diet containing, for example, an insufficient amount of vitamins and trace
\nelements, while at the same time too high in fats and calories,
\n? Irregular lifestyle – has a negative impact on our physical condition, which also means weakening
\nthe functioning of our immune system,
\n? Sleep deficit – the state of fatigue weakens the body, and thus reduces our immunity,
\n? Emotional stress – the immune system closely interacts with the central nervous system, and its
\ndisturbances have a negative effect on the immune system.
\nHow can we improve immunity?
\nThe basic factors that increase our immunity are:
\n? Physical activity – we should exercise for 30 – 60 minutes, at least 3 times a week. Walking, jogging,
\nswimming, cycling and outdoor exercise games are especially recommended. However, it should be
\nremembered that the intensity of exercise should be adjusted to the age and general physical
\ncapacity. It should be increased gradually.
\n? Regular lifestyle, avoiding stress, getting enough sleep.?
\n? Quenching – frequent outdoor activities, avoiding overheating (but it does not mean overcooling
\nand getting wet!). It is the best to start hardening the body in the summer season.
\n? A proper diet that includes age and gender-appropriate amounts of nutrients such as proteins,
\ncarbohydrates and fats; it should also cover the daily requirement for micronutrients, e.g. zinc, as well
\nas basic vitamins (e.g. vitamin C, B vitamins and vitamins A, D3 and E contained in fats). Doctors
\nespecially emphasize the role of ascorbic acid (vitamin C), which reduces the permeability of
\ncapillaries and strengthens their walls, which increases the resistance of mucous membranes to
\ninfections. Vitamin C from natural sources, such as rosehips, is especially valuable.<\/p>\n

Echinacea (Echinacea purpurea) extract is a commonly known and used agent that strengthens the
\nbody’s immunity.
\nEchinacea monograph, published by the European Medicines Agency [2], mentions its use in the
\nprevention and treatment of colds as an indication for the administration of echinacea extract.
\nHowever, therapy should not last longer than 10 days.<\/p>\n

Recommended products containing purple echinacea extract and vitamin C from natural sources and
\nzinc are, for example, Echimunn C with vitamin C derived from rosehip extract (Rosa canina with an
\nextract of echinacea herb (Echinacea purpurea), containing 4% polyphenols and zinc.
\nA similar preparation is Echimunn tablets, which includes the extract of Echinacea purpurea herb,
\ncontaining 4% polyphenols, corresponding to 1000 mg of dried herb.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

AUTHOR: Dr n. farm. Andrzej Tarasiuk<\/em><\/p>\n

Bibliography:
\n1. Wikipedia ( https:\/\/pl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Odporno%C5%9B%C4%87 ).
\n2. 24 November 2015 EMA\/HMPC\/48704\/2014 Corr 1 Committee on Herbal Medicinal
\nProducts (HMPC) European Union herbal monograph on Echinacea purpurea (L.)
\nMoench, herba recens [ https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/en\/documents\/herbal-
\nmonograph\/final-european-union-herbal-monograph-echinacea-purpurea-l-moench-
\nherba-recens_en.pdf ]?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Summary Immunity is a state of the organism in which it is resistant to various unfavorable factors, such as food deficiency and toxins. We divide it into specific and non-specific immunity, depending on the specificity of its action. It can be weakened by various factors, including by sleep deprivation and smoking. Examples of immune-boosting elements […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":605,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":""},"categories":[112,62],"tags":[50],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.labor.com.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1047"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.labor.com.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.labor.com.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.labor.com.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.labor.com.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1047"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/www.labor.com.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1047\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2934,"href":"https:\/\/www.labor.com.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1047\/revisions\/2934"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.labor.com.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/605"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.labor.com.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1047"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.labor.com.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1047"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.labor.com.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1047"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}